In the last installment of Circuit VR, we walked around a simplified buck converter. The main simplification was using a constant PWM signal. The result is that the output voltage is a fixed fraction ...

Another lifetime ago, and as a young engineer, I had to design a power conversion system. The input power came as raw electrical energy from a jet engine during flight. The output power was input to ...

The circuit described here is a 12-V dc to 5-V dc (±5%) switched-mode power supply (SMPS). The supply uses a 12-V input from an array of four 3-V dc, 40-mA solar cells connected in series. (The cells ...

H-bridge buck-boost ICs are widely used in applications requiring a constant voltage or current source even when the system battery drops to lower voltages. They make sense when a single-stage ...