Impedance meter integration has multiple design options for the various functional blocks in a sine-driven Z meter. In this third article in this series, some of the circuit alternatives are ...

In the previous article in this series, we looked at bridge circuits used to measure impedance. Now, let's look at some more (simple) math. The scaled bridge voltage and current, v vx and v ix ...

All engineers know resistance is usually bad news. It generates heat. It reduces efficiency. It wears out components and cuts operational lifetimes. However, resistance is not the only kind of ...